Enlarged pores can result from various factors, including the loss of elastin due to aging, sun exposure accelerating aging and increased sebum production. The combination of reduced elastin and heightened sebum causes pores to stretch, resulting in enlargement. If these pores are clogged, inflammation ensues and the presence of bacteria leads to acne outbreaks. Acne then leads to the formation of acne scars, mainly divided into box, rolling and icepick scars.
Acne is primarily caused by increased sebum production and a decreased turnover of dead skin cells, which leads to clogged pores. This blockage subsequently triggers inflammation and bacterial infection, resulting in the development of pus-filled bumps commonly seen in acne. Other contributing factors to acne include stress, diet high in sugar, and hormonal imbalances.
Uneven skin texture often arises due to an accumulation of excess dead skin cells on the skin's surface. This buildup can cause certain areas of the skin to feel rough or bumpy and can contribute to a dull skin appearance. Factors such as smoking, aging, eczema and dehydration also contribute to uneven skin texture.
Melanin produced by melanocyte cells in our skin determines our skin color and acts as a natural protection against ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. However, excessive sun exposure can trigger an overproduction of melanin, resulting in pigmentary disorders like freckles, lentigines, and melasma.
Wrinkles are lines and creases that develop in the skin due to the aging process, characterized by the loss of collagen and elastin. This in turn leads to skin laxity and decreased elasticity, contributing to the formation of wrinkles. Wrinkles can be categorized into static wrinkles, visible when the face is at rest (without expression), and dynamic wrinkles, seen when we smile, laugh, frown, or raise our eyebrows.
Moles are benign growths on the skin that develop when pigment cells known as melanocytes grow in clusters. It is round or oval, has a smooth surface with a distinct edge, and is often dome-shaped. A common mole usually has an even color of pink, tan, or brown. People who have dark skin or hair tend to have darker moles than people with fair skin.
Melasma is a pigmentation condition caused by the overactivity of melanocytes. It can be triggered by stress, hormonal changes, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, and heat. Melasma is more commonly observed in females compared to males.